A THEMATIC AND DISCIPLINARY WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography is organised in terms of the themes and disciplines that are central to my thesis.
The three major categories into which the bibuiolography is organised are subjects, themes and disciplines.Subjecvts are rthe subject matter that are vital to the thsesis but constitute particularly figures within a alarger body of kbolwdge.The two central subjects in are the two artistic cpoccliborations the thesis foicuses onb,aetelier Wenger and the “team” Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine, as well as the landscapes they work on,the Osahun Forest in Nigeria and the Glastonbury landscape in England.
The themes are braod bodies of ideas nthat can be cintelatted in relation to a central idea.
The concept of disciplines refers here to bodies of kbnolwdge that demonstrate btheir won epistemology and a unmdetrstanding of the world derived in relatrion to that epistemology.Some pof the cetral disciplines here are philosophy and religiond and their subdivions of divinatory theory and practice and its relationsdhip to the divinatory systems which are cemnty5r4al to the thsesais-Ifa and its derivatives,Astrology,Tarot and the I Ching.
The bibliography is oranised in terms of this tripartite classicidaction I order to guide the rseracher and any9one lse examining the bibliography in an undrtstanding of the methodology througfh which the thesis is beinbg developed as wellas nthe conclousions arrtiv4ed at so far.
The cetral constribution to knowdge of this thsesis ois projected to be the development of the UIfa suistem of divination into a critrical system through which knolwdge can be developed in manner anmd arriving at results that trabsecdnd the idelologfical framework fromwhich the UIfa system eherges.This gaol is developed in relation to two compleneytaru goals.The fisrt complemntary goal is that of developinf this critical deanaysois in relationb tom questions of relationships between cognitive agents-the knowing agent-cognticve instruments-the tools thropugh which knowedge is artived at,whther inmnatrerail as ideas or matrerao as textwse-anmd cognitive forms-the objects varrived at in knolwegeas ths are untsood in terms of the relationship between the human self and landscape as thsaes are resented by the relationship of the school of Wenger and ther team of Msaltwood and Caine to the Oshun Foirest and the Glstonbury landscape,respectively.
The scond compl;emtray goal comnsits in exploring qiesuions of the degree to which the creal theortical and methodlogical conmcern sof the thsesis cal nead to an undetstanding of thegroubnd of being.Is hre ground of beimng a given,esiting over anf agisnt the human self,it irt constuitued by the self ihn the process of ebing or is =t something of both,both indeoedent of and mutually consytitutive of as well as constituted by the humn self/Thses questions are explored in ytertms of tjheir points pof copnverergence with qiestuons about the relationship between creations of the human mind through which questions that tranbsenbd the convetional capoicities of the mind are explorted,in divination and in terms of their vre;latrionshup to the question of the degree to which notions of snonmaterial ormetamtrail aspects of lanfdscape are inherent to landscape or developed by the human mind.

In order to arrtive at this goal,a number of subjects,thmes and discil0jkes have to be engaged with.Thses can be understood in nterms of the levels of inckusiveness.In this regard,the most inckusive are discpl;ines within whgich the subjects and the disnmplines arte studies.
The most imnckusive disciplines are phiolosophy,religious studies,aesthetiocs,literay and cukltural criticism and visual tudies,geography,architecture.
The inclusion of disciplines from the sciences helps to ehagge with similar questions that emerge from sciemntific dismnplies.Space Syuntax compemnts the study of the philosophy of space because it blamces a more objective approach to space with the more subjective approaches of some philosophical and aesthetic aproacjes to apsce.Complexity theory facikites a n understanding of how indepdent agents intereact to mcreate unfied oputcomes,a subject vital to the exploration of relationships between and within groups of cogntiove agents,cognitive froms and cognitive instruments.Virtaul and Ubiquoitrous computing highlight questions of relationsgips between space as constructed by the human mind and space as an extrahuman existent.
Each category in the bibliography is introduced with an explanation of its rtelanver toi the thesis.The entries re not exhaustive.Theoir focus is on texts,websites and three filkms that have proved central to developing my thking on the issues in question as wellm as complemnray extries from biographies of scvholars who explore rsimilar oirv related questions,specifically the bilograhies of my supervisor Tani tribe for her coiyrsevin aesthetic cristcism and theory,Anbdrw Reid bibliography on the ararchelogy of Africa and Tanner onm comparative art and archelogy.Other scholars whose bibilographiues ouild also have been rtelavnt to compemnt this were noted but not used on account of constraints oif tinme.They shall be visiyted later.
The texts prsente here are by both practioners of particular regious,spiritual and imaginative oretations as well as by scholars of thses porientastions.


1. PRIMARY TEXTS
Texts by Susanne Wenger on her school and by the “team” of Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine.
1.1. Books and articles by Susanne Wenger
1.1.1 Books

Wenger, Susanne, The Timeless Mind of the Sacred: Its New Manifestations in the Òşun Groves, ( Ibadan: Institute of African Studies,
University of Ibadan, 1977 )
………………………The Sacred Groves of Osogbo, ( Linzerstrabe :Augustine Merzeder,1990 )

……………………with Gert Chesi, A Life with the Gods in their Yoruba Homeland (Brixentaller Strasse: Perlinger Verlag,1983 )



1.1.2. Interviews
Rolf Brockmann and Gerd Hotter, Adunni: A Portrait of Susanne Wenger ( Munchen: Trickster Verag,1994)


1.2. Books by Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine

Maltwood, Katherine, A Guide to Glastonbury’s Temple of the Stars (Cambridge: James Clarke,1982 )
……………………..Enchantments of Britain or King Arthur’s Round Table of the Stars (Cambridge: James Clark,1982 )
………………………..Itinerary of “The Somerset Giants” (Victoria: Victoria Publishing) [undated]

Caine, Mary,‘The Glastonbury Zodiac’ Gandalf’s Garden, no. 4, 1969;

Mary Caine, The Glastonbury Giants, Kingston -Upon -Thames,1978;

Mary Caine,n.d.A Map of the Glastonbury Zodiac: Arthur’s Original Round Table. N.p

Mary Caine ,Celtic Saints and the Glastonbury Zodiac (Berks: Capall Bann Publishing, 1998)
…………….The Kingston Zodiac (Berks: Capall Bann Publishing,2001).
………………The Glastonbury Zodiac: Key to the Mysteries of Britain (Surrey, 1978) ( self published )

2. SECONDARY TEXTS
Texts on the Susanne Wenger and her school and the “team” of Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine,as well as Glastonbury.

2.1. On Aetelier wenger
Beier, Ulli, The Return of the Gods:The Sacred Art of Susan Wenger (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1975 )
Olajubu, Oyerunke, “The Place of Susanne Wenger’s art in Yoruba Religion: A Preliminary Survey” Ijele Art Journal of the African World,Issue 5 ( 2002)

2.2. On Maltwood and Caine and Non-Fiction on Glastonbury
Ashe,Geoffrey, King Arthur’s Avalon: The Story of Glastonbury (Glasgow: William Collins,1987)

Ivakhiv, Adrian,Claiming Sacred Ground: Pilgrims and Politics at Glastonbury and Sedona (Bloomington:Indiana UP,2001)

Pennick, Nigel, The Ancient Science of Geomancy: Man in Harmony with the Earth (London; Thames and Hudson, 1979 )

2.3. ESOTERIC, RELIGIOUS,ARTISTIC AND PHILOSPHICAL TRADITIONS: AFRICA, THE WEST,THE MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA
These traditions provide complementary perspectives on the thesis’ central questions.
2.3. 1 . IMAGINATIVE LITERATURE RELATED TO GLASTONBURY
The imaginative stimulation of the Glstonbury landscape is powerfully evoked in thses works.
Caldecott,Moyra, The Green Lady and the King of Shadows: A Glastonbury Legend ( Glastonbury: Gothic Image 1989 )
Rickman,Phil, The Chalice: A Glastonbury Ghost Story (Oxford Macmillan, 1997)

2..3.2..ARTHURIAN AND GRAIL TRADITIONS: FICTION AND NONFICTION
Conceptions of the imaginative charcter of the Glstonbury landscape,particularly as concevcived by Maltwood and VCaine belong to the Arthurain and Grail traditions.
GENERAL

The Camelot Project at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm

Modern : Post 19th Century

FICTION
Bradley, Marion Zimmer, The Mists of Avalon (London:Penguin,1993 )
…………………………Lady of Avalon (London:Penguin,1997 )
Chopra, Deepak, The Return of Merlin (New York:Harmony,1995 )
Cornwell, Bernard, Excalibur:A Novel of Arthur (London:Penguin,1998 )
Gilliam,Richard, et al. eds. Grails: Quests of the Dawn ( London;Penguin,1994 )
Hemingway, Amanda, Sangreal Trilogy 1:The Greeenstone Grail (London:HarperCollins,2004 )
Lawhead,Stephen, The Pendragon Cycle Book One:Taliesin (Oxford : Lion,1987 )
…………………The Pendragon Cycle Book Two:Merlin ( Oxford: Lion 1988 )
………………….The Pendragon Cycle Book : Arthur (Oxford : Lion,1989)
…………………..The Pendragon Cycle Book : Pendragon (Oxford : Lion,1994)
…………………The Pendragon Cycle Book : Grail ( Oxford : Lion, 1997)
………………………Avalon :The Return of King Arthur (New York:HarperCollins,2000)
Miles,Rosalind, Guenevere,: The Knight of the Sacred Lake (London:Simon and Schuster,2000 )
Moorcock, Michael, Von Bek: The Tale of the Eternal Champion vol. 1 (London: Orion 2004)
Stewart,Mary, The Crystal Cave (London:Penguin,1970 )
………………..The Hollow Hills (London:Coronet,1974 )
……………….The Last Enchantment (London:G.K.Hall,1979)
…………………The Wicked Day (New York:Ballantine,1983 )
White,T.H,The Once and Future King (London:Collins,1958 )
White,T.H,The Book of Merlyn (London:Collins,1978 )

NONFICTION
Ashe,Geoffrey ed the quest for arethurts Britain London psa;ladin 1984
Hutton,Ronald, Witches, Druids and King Arthur (London:Continuum,2006 )
Mathews,John, ed. At the Table of the Grail (London:Watkins,2002 )

Pre-Modern pre-19th century
FICTION
Malory, Sir Thomas, Le Morte Darthur (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions,1996)
Matarsso, P. M, The Quest of the Holy Grail ( Middlesex:Penguion,1981)
Stone, Brian, trans.King Arthur’s Death:Alliterative Morte Arthure and Stanzaic Le Morte Arthur (London:Penguin,1988)


2.3.3. WESTERN ESOTERICISM
The understanding oif Glkastonbury developed by Maltwood and Caine also belongs woth the WESTERN Esoteric Tradion,in relatrion to the laters efforts to develop an inmgenpusd religios ideology from the folore,literature and landscapes of Euroipe.

Paganism
The Pgan strand of the Western esoteric tradion relates to the imaginative undetrstanding of landscapwe developed by Matwood and aine.It also relates to questions about agency in terms of the relationship between landcape and ahumn self.
Crowley, Vivianne Wicca (London: Thorsons,2000 )
Furlong, David, Earth Energies: How to Tap into the Healing Powers of the Natural World ( London: Piatkus,2003 )
Gardner, Gerald, Witchcraft Today (London:Citadel,2004 )
…………………The Meaning of Witchcraft (New York:Weiser, 2004)
Green,Marian, The Elements of Natural Magic (Dorset:Elements,1989)
Hesselton, Philip, The Elements of Earth Mysteries (Dorset: Element, 1993)
Hutton, Ronald, The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft (Oxford: Oxford UP,
Mathews, Kathryn and Ly Warren-Clarke, The Way of Merlin: The Male Path in Wicca (Dorset: Prism Press,1990 )
Mathews,Caitlin and John Mathews, The Western Way: A Practical Guide to the Western Mystery Tradition. vol. 1:The Native Tradition;
Vol. 2: The Hermetic Tradition (London: Penguin, 1994)
Starhawk, Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess ( New York: Harper Collins,1989 )

2.3.4..HERMETICISM
The Hermetic strand of the Western esoteric tRadion,particularly in its 20ty centaury development could be undetsood vas the centyral rtespoository of the theorical underpinnings of Western eostreicism.It resents therefore,the ctreal efforts of the tradition to develop a distincytive epstemilogy,metaphysics and methodology I relation to which thsesepistemologfical and metaphysical potualtes are pit into practice.
Anon. The Office of the Holy Tree of Life. Publication Details not Provided.
Butler, W.E, Magic its Ritual, Power and Purpose and the Magician his Training and Work( London: Aquarian,1991 )
…………Apprenticed to Magic and Magic and the Qabalah ( London:Aquarian 1990)
Conway, David, Magic: an Occult Primer ( Herts: Mayflower,1974 )
Crowley, Aleister, Magick: Book 4 (New York:Weiser,1998 )
Fortune, Dion, The Mystical Qabalah (Maine;Weiser,1997 )
……………The Esoteric Philosophy of Love and Marriage (London: Society of the Inner Light, 1995)
……………Esoteric Orders and their Work (London: HarperCollins 1995)
…………….The Training and Work of an Initiate ( London: HarperCollins 1995)
.....................Applied Magic ( London: HarperCollins,1995)
……………Aspects of Occultism ( London: HarperCollins 1995)
Gilbert, Adrian, Magi: The Quest for a Secret Tradition ( London:Bloomsbury,1996 )
Mathews,Caitlin and John Mathews, The Western Way: A Practical Guide to the Western Mystery Tradition. vol. 1:The Native Tradition;
Vol. 2: The Hermetic Tradition (London:Penguin,1994)
Regardie, Israel, The Tree of Life :an Illustrated Study in Magic (Minnesota:Lllewellyn,2001)
……………….ed. The Original Account of the Teachings, Rites and Ceremonies of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
(Minnesota:Llewelyn,2003)
Yates, Frances, Giodarno Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1991)
………………..The Rosicrucian Enlightenment (London: Routledge,1986 )

2.3.5. ALCHEMY
The alcewhmic trand of the Western esoteric tradition
Burckhardt, Titus, Alchemy: Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul, trans.William Stoddart (Maryland: Penguin,1967 )
Roob, Alexander, Hermetic Museum: Alchemy and Mysticism (London: Taschen,2001)
Jung, C. G. ,Psychology and Alchemy ( London: Routledge,1968 )
…………………..Mysterium Conjunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy(London:Routledge,1970)

2.3.6. CELTIC TRADITIONS
Original imaginative works from and reconstructions of Celtic culture are central to the Western Pagan tradition and to the study of cultural continuities between various eras in the development of affiliated cultures spread over time and space. Along these lines, the Celtic tradition suggests possibilities of relationships between feminine symbolism in the Celtic, Arthurian and Ifa traditions that provides a key motif of the thesis. This motif emerges from relationships of form and function between the Celtic image of the cauldron of the goddess Ceridwen, the Grail in Athrurian legend,and the calabash of Odu in the Ifa tradition. The relationship of function they share is one that suggests the notion of psychological and spiritual transformation. I adapt this motif in making the form and function that links these vessels to the notion of a transformative matrix.This matrix is developed in terms of the idea of the relationship between the human being and the world as being a transformative relationship. Within this relationship, both world and human share a cognitive symbiosis/are cognitively symbiotic.

Gantz, Jeffrey, The Mabinogion ( Harmondsworth:Penguin,1984 )
Mathews, Caitlin, The Elements of the Celtic Tradition (Dorset:Element,1989 )
Silf, Margaret, Stations on a Celtic Way (Oxford Lion,2001)

SECULAR WESTERN SPIRITUALITY
Redfield, James, The Celestine Prophecy: An Adventure (London: Bantam, 1994)

2.3.7. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF DIVINATION

2.3.7.1 .AFRICAN

2.3.7.2 IFA AND ITS DERIVATIVES

IFA
Abimbola, Wande, Ifa: An Exposition of Ifa Literary Corpus,( Ibadan: OUP, 1976)
Abimbola, Wande, Ifa Divination Poetry ( New York: Nok, 1977)
Abimbola, Wande, Sixteen Great Poems of Ifa (Paris: Unesco, 1975)
Abimbola, Wande “,Iwapele: “The Concept of Good Character in Ifa Literary Corpus”, Yoruba Oral
Tradition: Poetry in Music, Dance and Drama (Ed.) Wande Abimbola. (Ile-Ife:University of Ife,1975)388-417.
Abimbola, Wande,Ijinle Ohun Enu Ifa,Apa Kiini,vol.1(Collins:Glasgow,1968).
--------------------Ijinle Ohun Enu Ifa,Apa Kiini,vol.2(Collins:Glasgow,1969).
Ifa Will Mend our Broken World: Thoughts on Yoruba Religion and Culture in Africa and the Diaspora (Roxbury, MA : Aim Books, 1997)
Bascom, William, Ifa Divination: Communication between Gods and Men in West Africa(Bloomington: Indiana UP,1969)
Cromwell Osamaro Ibie, Ifism: The Complete Works of Orunmila,vol.1(Efehi:Lagos,1986) )
…………………………Ifism: The Complete Works of Orunmila,vol.2:The Odus of Eji-Ogbe how Man Created his Own God (Efehi:Lagos,1986) )

Emmanuel, Abosede, Odun Ifa: Ifa Festival (Lagos: West African Book
Publishers, 2000)
Gates Jr., Henry Luis, The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism (New York: Oxford UP, 1979)
Gleason, Judith with Awotunde Aworinde and John Olaniyi Ogundipe, A Recital of Ifa:Oracle of the Yoruba(New York,1972)
Mapanje, Jack and Landeg White,ed, Oral Poetry from Africa: An Anthology (Essex: Longman, 1984)
Staewen, Christoph, Ifa: African Gods Speak (Hamburg: Christoph Stewen,1996)

AFA
Onwuejeogwu, M. Angulu, Afa Symbolism and Phenomenology in Nri Kingdom and Hegemony: An African Philosophy of Social Action (Benin:
Ethiope,1977).
FA
Maupoil, Bernard, La Géomancie à l'Ancienne Côte des Esclaves (Paris : Institut d'Ethnologie, 1988)

OTHER DIVINATORY SYSTYEMS
AFRICAN
AFRICAN DIVINATION IN GENERAL
Peek, Philip M., African Divination Systems : Ways of Knowing (Bloomington : Indiana UP, 1991 )
La Gamma, Alisa, Art and Oracle: African Art and Rituals of Divination (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art,2000 )
Pemberton,John III ed, Insight and Artistry in African Divination (Washington:Smithsomian,2000 )
Zuesse,Evan, “Divivation and Deity in African Religions”, History of Religions, vol.15,no.2. Nov.1975.158-182.
WESTERN
TAROT

Anon. Meditations on the Tarot: a Journey into Christian Hermeticism, trans. Robert Powell (New York:Tarcher/Putnam,2002 )
Cavendish, Richard, The Tarot (London: Chancellor Press,1987)
Dee,Jonathan, Tarot: An Easy to Follow Illustrated Guide to the Mysteries of the Tarot (Bath:Paragon,1999)
Gardner, Richard, Fortune Telling by Tarot Cards (London: Rigel Press,1974)
Waite, Arthur Edward, The Key to the Tarot (London :Rider,1993 )


ASTROLOGY
Geoffrey, Cornelius, The Moment of Astrology: Origins in Divination (Bournemouth; The Wessex Astrologer,2003).
Gauquelin,. Michael, Neo-Astrology a Copernican Revolution (London: Penguin,1991 )
Jocelyn, John, Meditation on the Signs of the Zodiac (San Francisco: Harper and Row,1970 )

ASIAN
CHINESE
THE I CHING
Blofeld, John, I Ching :The Book of Change (London: Unwin,1980)
Wilhelm, Helmut, Eight Lectures on the I Ching (New York: Harper and Row, 1960 )

IMAGINATIVE LITERATURE RELATED TO THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF DIVINATION
Badenoch, Lindsay, The Daughter of the Runes (London Penguin,1988 )
Mathew, Caitlin and Rachel Pollack ,ed. Tarot Tales (London Arrow,1991)
Pullman,Philip, His Dark Materials vol 1: Northern Lights (London: Scholastic, 1995)
………………..His Dark Materials vol 2 : The Subtle Knife (London:Scholastic, 1998 )
………………His Dark Materials vol 3 :The Amber Spyglass ( London: Scholastic, 2000 )
Wilkins,Kim, The Ressurectionists (London:Gollancz,1988 )

27.IFA IN RELATION TO OTHER DISCIPLINES
PHILOSOPHY
Orangun,Adegboyega, Destiny:The Unmanifested Being (Ibadan: African Odyssey Publishers,1988)

COMPUTER SCIENCE
Longe, Olu, Ifa Divination and Computer Science (Ibadan;University of Ibadan,1983)

COMPLEXITY THEORY/SPACE SYNTAX
Adepoju, Toyin, “Metaphorical Transposition: Cosmography to Human Geography” proceedings of the European Modeling Symposium 2006 ed. John
Pollard

MYSTICISM
Adepoju, Toyin, “An Exploration of the Mystical Potential of the Ifa Divination System”, unpublished paper,MA in European and
Comparative Literary Studies, University of Kent,2003.

PHILOSOPHY OF SPACE
Adepoju, Toyin, Spatial Navigation as Paradigmatic Hermeneutic Strategy: Ifa, Heidegger and Calvino, unpublished MA dissertation, MA in
European and Comparative Literary Studies, University of Kent,2003.
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL THEORY
Adepoju, Toyin, Ifa Hermeneutics and Autobiographical Theory: Explorations in the Letters and Self-Portraiture of Van Gogh

unpublished MA dissertation, MA Comparative Literature (Africa /Asia),School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,2004.


UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

Adepoju, Toyin, “Navigating Spaces of Consciousness: A Dialogue” in Metapolis and Urban Life Workshop 2005 Proceeedings at

http://www.urban-atmospheres.net/UbiComp2005/




IFA VISUAL ART
Abiodun, Rowland, “Ifa Art Objects: An Interpretation based on Oral Traditions”in Yoruba Oral Tradition:Selections from the Papers Presented at the
Seminar on Yoruba Oral Tradition, ed. Wande Abimbola (Ile-Ife :Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of If.e, 1975)421-469.
………………….. “Riding the Horse of Praise: The Mounted Figure in Ifa Divination Sculpture” in Insight and Artistry in African Divination, ed. John Pemberton 111(London:Smithsonian,2000)182-192.
Witte, Hans, Ifa and Esu: Iconography of Order and Disorder (Soest-Holland: Kunsthandel Luttik,1984)
Yai, Olabisi Babalola, ‘In Praise of Metonymy: The Concepts of Tradition and “Creativity” in the Transmission of Yoruba Artistry over Time and Space’ in
The Yoruba Artist, ed. R. Abiodun, H.J. Drewal, and J.Pemberton111(Washington D.C:Smithsonian,1994)107-15.


29.YORUBA AND ORISHA CULTURE IN GENERAL

Abimbola, Kola, Yoruba Culture: a Philosophical Account (Birmingham: Iroko Academic Publishers, 2005 )
Abiodun, Rowland et al. eds. The Yoruba Artist (Washington D.C: Smithsonian, 1994)
Drewal, Henry John and John Mason Beads, Body and Soul ( Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler
Museum of Cultural History, 1998 )
…………………….et al.eds. Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought (New York: Harry N. Abrams,1989 )
Edwards, Gary and John Mason, ed., Black Gods: Orisa Studies in the New World (Brooklyn: Yoruba Theological Archministry, 1985).
Idowu, Bolaji, Olodumare: God in Yoruba Belief ( Ibadan: Longman, 1962)
Irele, Abiola, The African Experience in Literature and Ideology (London; Heinemann, 1981).
Lawal, Babatunde , The Geledé Spectacle : Art, Gender, and Social Harmony in African Culture, Seattle :University of Washington Press, 1996.
Olajubu, Oyerunke, Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere (New York:State University of New York Press, 2003 )
Soyinka, Wole, The Credo of Being and Nothingness, Ibadan: Spectrum, 1991.
……………… Myth, Literature and the African World (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990).

9. MODERN AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

Armah, Ayi kwei, the healers an historical novel London heinemann1979


Ba, Amadou,Hampa te, “The Living Tradition”, in J.Ki- Zerbo ed, UNESCO General History of Africa VOL 1 Methodology and African Prehistory

(London:Heinemann,1981)166-206

……………………….Kaidara: a Fulani Cosmological Epic from Mali, trans. Daniel Whitman (Washington:Three Continents Press,1988)
Bodunrin, P.O. ed. ,Philosophy in Africa: Trends and Perspectives (Ile-Ife: University of Ife Press,1985)
Coetzee, P.H. and Roux, A.P.J. (eds.), The African Philosophy Reader,

Hallen, Barry, 1997, “African Meanings, Western Words”, in African Studies Review, Vol. 40, No1, April 1997
Hountondji, Paulin,“The Reasons for Scientific Dependence in Africa Today” Research in African Literatures, vol.21, no.3, Fall 1990,5-15
…………………African Philosophy: Myth and Reality ( Indiana: Indiana UP,1983)
Kunene, Mazisi, “Introduction”, Anthem of the Decades (London : Heinemann, 1981)ix-xxx; xxxi-xl
Masolo, D.A., African Philosophy in Search of Identity
Mudimbe, Valentine,The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge (London : James Currey; Bloomington : Indiana U.P.,
1988).
Oladipo, Olusegun, The Idea of African Philosophy (Ibadan:Molecular Publishers, 1992 )

Orangun,Adegboyega, Destiny: the Unmanifested Being (Ibadan: African Odyssey,1998 )

Soyinka,Wole,The Credo of Being and Nothingness ( Ibadan : Spectrum Books in association with Safari Books, 1991).

Thompson, Adewale, African Beliefs: Science or Superstition? (Ibadan :Newton,1977)

Wiredu, Kwesi, Conceptual Decolonisation in African Philosophy: Four Essays ( Ibadan: Hope,1995 )



ON INDIGENOUS AFRICAN THOUGHT

Forde, Daryll, ed. African Worlds : Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social values of African Peoples (Oxford : James Currey: LIT, 1999).
Fortes, M and Germaine Dieterlen ed. African Systems of Thought (London : Oxford U.P,1965 ).

EXAMPLES OF AND ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTS OF MYTHIC TRANSFORMATION
IMAGINATIVE LITERATURE
Alighieri, Dante The Divine Comedy
Borges, Jorge Luis, Labyrinths (London: Penguin, 1964)
………………trans. Andrew Hurley, The Aleph (London: Penguin, 2000)
Coopper,louise The Time Master Trilogy vol 1: The Initiate (London:1986)
………………The Time Master Trilogy vol. 2: The Outcast (London: Unwin,1986 )
……………….The Time Master Trilogy vol. 3 : The Master ( London: HarperCollins,1987)
Eliach,Yaffa, Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust (New York:Avcon,1982 )
Green, Arthur, ed., Menahem Nahum of Chernobyl, Upright Practices, The Light of the Eyes (New York: Paulist Press,1982 )
Head, Bessy, A Question of Power ( Oxford:Heinemann,1974 )
Tolkien, John Ronald Ruel, The Lord of the Rings 3 vols. (London: George Allen and Unwin,1976 )
………………………….The Silmarillion (London: Book Club Associates,1978)
Le Guin, Ursula, The Earthsea Quartet (London: Penguin, 1993)
Nahman of Bratslav, The Tales, ed.Arnold Band (New York: Paulist Press, 1978).
Okigbo Christopher, Labyrinths (Ibadan:Heinemann,1977 )
Soyinka, Wole, Idanre and Other Poems ( London: Methuen,1979 )

SCHOLARLY WORKS
Armstrong, Karen, A History of God: the 4000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1993)
Campbell, Joseph, The Masks of God vol .1 : Primitive Mythology (London : Secker & Warburg: 1960 )
……………….. The Masks of God Vol.2 :Oriental Mythology (London : Secker & Warburg, 1962 )
………………. The Masks of God Vol.3 : Occidental Mythology(London : Secker & Warburg, 1965 )
…………………...The Masks of God Vol.4 : Creative Mythology (London : Souvenir Press, 2001 )

Dan, Joseph “Preface”, Nahman of Bratslav: The Tales ( New York: Paulist
Press, 1978)pp.xiii-xix.
Irele,Abiola,”Wangrin:A Study in Ambiguity”, Amadou Hampate Ba, The Fortunes of Wangrin, trans. Aina Pavollini Taylor (Ibadan: New Horn
Press,1987)iii-xv
Jones, Eldred Durosimi, African Literature Today, Vol.II : Myth and History
Okphewho, Isidore, “African Poetry: The Modern Writer and the Oral Tradition”, African Literature Today,vol.16: Oral and Written Poetry in African Literature Today.
…………………….Myth in Africa : A Study of its Aesthetic and Cultural Relevance (Cambridge : Cambridge UP, 1983 )
………………………The Epic in Africa : Toward a Poetics of the Oral Performance (New York : Columbia University Press, 1979 )
Wiskind-Elper, Ora, Tradition and Fantasy in the Tales of Nahman of Bratlslav ( New York: State University of New York,1998 )

FICTION RELATED TO EVOCATIVE QUALITIES OF STONES
Caldecott, Moyra, Guardians of the Tall Stones ( London: Arrow,1986 )
Horwood,William, Duncton Wood (McGraw-Hill1980
Duncton Quest (Arrow Books1988)
Duncton Found (Century1989)
Duncton Tales (London:HarperCollins1991)
The Book of Silence (London:1992)
Duncton Rising (London:HarperCollins,1993)
Duncton Stone (London:HarperCollins,1993)


GENERAL WORKS ON PHILOSOPHY -WESTERN
Appiah, Anthony, Thinking it Through: an Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).

Maritain, Jacques, An Introduction to Philosophy ( London: Continuum,2005 )

The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas that have Shaped our World View (London: Random House, 1996)

WESTERN RELIGIONS
CHRISTIANITY
de Chardin, Teilhard, Hymn of the Universe (New York: William Collins,1961)


ASIAN PHILOSOPHIES AND RELIGIONS
SURVEYS

Leaman, Oliver, Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings (London : Routledge, 2000)

Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli, Indian Philosophy, 2 Vols (New Delhi: Oxford UP,2003)
TAOISM
Lao Tzu,Tao te Ching ( Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1963)

CONFUCIANISM
Birdwhistell, Anne D., Li Yong (1627-1705) and Epistemological Dimensions of Confucian Philosophy (Stanford : Stanford University Press, 1996)

BUDDHISM

ZEN
Kapleau, Roshi Philip, ed. The Three Pillars of Zen: Teaching, Practice, and Enlightenment ( Garden City, N.Y. : Anchor Press, 1980).
Parkes,Graham, Reading Zen in the Rocks: the Japanese Dry Landscape Garden trans (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000 )
Reps, Paul, complied Zen flesh, Zen bones ( Harmondsworth: Penguin,1971 )
Watts, Alan, The Way of Zen (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1976 )
Tworkov, Helen, Zen in America: Five Teachers and the Search for an American Buddhism( New York: Kodansha,1994)

TIBETAN BUDDHISM
Campbell, June, Traveller in Space: in Search of Female Identity in Tibetan Buddhism (London: Athlone, 1996 )
Chang,Garma, C.C., The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa (Boston:Shamballa,1999)
Evans-Wentz, ed. Tibets Great Yogi Milarepa: A Biography from the Tibetan (London: Oxford UP,1969 )
Herrigel,Eugene, The Method of Zen, trans. R.F.C . Hull (New:York Random House,1974 )
Tanahashi, Kazuaki and Tensho David Schneider, Essential Zen (New York: HarperCollins,1996 )
Yamada,Koun, The Gateless Gate the Classic Book of Zen Koans (Boston: Wisdom Publications,)

HINDUISM
Brunton, Paul, A Search in Secret India
O’Flaherty, Wendy Doniger, Siva: The Erotic Ascetic (Oxford UP,1981)
Mascaro, Juan,trans. The Bhagavad Gita (London: Penguin,1962 )

Sarma, Deepak,Epistemologies and the Limitations of Philosophical Inquiry: Doctrine in Madhva Vedanta (London :
RoutledgeCurzon, 2005 )

Sen,K.M., Hinduism (London: Penguin, 1991)
Vyasa,The Mahabarata,

MIDDLE EASTERN RELIGIONS
ISLAM
Corbin,Henry, Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ib-Arabi (Princeton: Princeton UP,1998 )
Rumi, Jalaluddin, trans. E.H Whinfield,The Mathnawi (London: Watkins, 2002 )

JUDAISM
Goldstein,David, trans.The Wisdom of the Zohar : An Anthology of Texts, Systematically Arranged and Rendered into Hebrew by Fischel Lachower and Isaiah Tishby ,with extensive introductions and explanations by Isaiah Tishby (Oxford : Oxford University Press for the Littman Library , 1989)
Idel, Moshe,Absorbing Perfections: Kabbalah and Interpretation (New Haven : Yale University Press, 2002)
………………..Kabbalah : new perspectives (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988)
Matt,DanielC.,trans. The Zohar: Pritzker Edition,Volumes 1-3 (Stanford,California:Stanford UP,2004-2006)
Scholem, Gershom, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (New York : Schocken Books,1967)
…………………………..trans. Ralph Manheim,On the Kabbalah and its Symbolism (London :Routledge and Kegan Paul,1965)

SECULAR SPIRITUALITY

Mihajlov, Mihajlo, “Mystical Experiences of the Labor Camps” Continent 2: The Alternative Voice of Russia and Eastern Europe, trans. Alexey Kiselev

(Kent: Hodder and Stoughton,1978)103-131.

Redfield, James, The Celestine Prophecy: An Adventure( London Bantam 1994)

COMPARATIVE RELIGION
Tucci, Giuseppe, The Theory and Practice of the Mandala with Special Reference to the Modern Psychology of the Subconscious
(London :Rider,1971 )
Lawlor,Robert, Sacred Geometry: Philosophy and Practice (London: Thames and Hudson,1997 )
Eliade,Mircea, Patterns in Comparative Religion(London: Sheed and Ward,1958).

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
GENERAL

Blackburn, Simon, Dictionary of Philosophy (Oxford : New York : Oxford University Press, 1994)
Lechte, John, Fifty,Key Contemporary Thinkers: From Structuralism to Postmodernity (New York : Routledge, 1994)
McNeill, William and Feldman, Karen S. eds.,Continental Philosophy, An Anthology( Cambridge, Mass ; Oxford : Blackwell, 1998)
Solomon, Robert C., Introducing Philosophy : A Text with Integrated Readings( Fort Worth : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993)

EPISTEMOLOGY
Dancy, Jonathan and Sosa, Ernest, eds., A Companion to Epistemology ( Oxford : Blackwell, 1992)

Plato,The Dialogues of Plato, Translated into English with Analyses and Introductions by Benjamin Jowett (Oxford : Clarendon, 1871 )

Kant,Immanuel,The Critique of Pure Reason, tr. Norman Kemp Smith(London:Macmillan,1963)

Rorty, Richard, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton UP,1980)

HERMENEUTICS
Bontekoe, Ronald. Dimensions of the Hermeneutic Circle (Amherst, N.Y : Humanity Books, 2000)
Guignon, Charles B.,The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger (Cambridge : Cambridge UP,1993)
Heidegger,Martin, Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson (Oxford:Blackwell,2005)
Ricoeur, Paul, Interpretation Theory:Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning ( Fort Worth : Texas Christian University Press,1976)
Parkes, Graham,Heidegger and Asian Thought ( Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press,1987)

PHENOMENOLOGY
Merleau-Ponty,Maurice, Phenomenology of Perception (London:Routledge,2006)
Tallis,Raymond, The Hand: A Philosophical Enquiry into Human Being (Edinburgh:Edinburg UP,2003)
……………….I Am: A Philosophical Enquiry into Human Being (Edinburgh:Edinburg UP,2004)
………………..The Knowing Animal: A Philosophical Enquiry into Human Being (Edinburgh:Edinburg UP,2005)
Wentworth, Nigel, The Phenomenology of Painting (Cambridge : Cambridge UP,2004)

CROSS CULTURAL PHILOSOPHY

Deutsch and Bontekoe, eds., A Companion to World Philosophies (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999)
Larson, Gerald James and Deutsch, Eliot,eds., Interpreting Across Boundaries(Princeton, N.J : Princeton UP,1988)
McEvilley, Thomas,The Shape of Ancient Thought : Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies (New York : Allworth Press, 2002)
Olson, Carl, Zen and the Art of Postmodern Philosophy :Two Paths of Liberation from the Representational Mode of Thinking(Albany : State University of New York Press,2000)
Solomon, Robert, Kathleen Higgins, ed. From Africa to Zen: An Invitation to World Philosophy (Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003)

Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa (ed), 1984. Phenomenology of Life in a Dialogue Between Chinese and Occidental Philosophy, Analecta Husserliana, vol XVII

STUDIES OF SACRED SPACE- GENERAL
Deveroux, Paul, The Sacred Place: The Ancient Origin of Holy and Mystical Sites (London: Cassell, 2000)
…………………Earth Memory Practical Examples Present a New System to Unravel Ancient Secrets (London: Quantum, 1991)
Griffin, Sally, Sacred Journeys: Stone Circles and Pagan Myths (London: Kylie Cathie, 2000).
Molyneaux, Brian Leigh and Piers Vitebsky, Sacred Earth, Sacred Stones (San Diego: Laurel Glen, 2001).
Pennick, Nigel, The Ancient Science of Geomancy: Man in Harmony with the Earth (London; Thames and Hudson, 1979
Pettis, Chuck, Secrets of Sacred Space Discover and Create Places of Power (Minnesota: Llewellyn, 1999)
Scott, Mary, Kundalini in the Physical World (London: Penguin, 1983)


WESTERN SACRED SPACE
Fermore,Patrick Leigh, A Time to Keep Silence (London: John Murray, 1957)
Hedderman ,A.and LaMont R. Unusual Aspects of Avebury Wiltshire: The Shires Press
Moorhouse, Geoffrey Sun Dancing (London: Orion,1998 )
Visser,Margaret, The Geometry of Love Space, Time and Meaning in an Ordinary Church (London: Penguin, 2001)
Watkins, Alfred, The Old Straight Track (London: Sphere Books,1984)

AFRICAN
Greene, Sandra,Sacred Sites and the Colonial Encounter: A History of Meaning and Memory in Ghana. Indiana U P, 2002.
Huffm Huffman,T.N. 1981. Snakes and birds: expressive space at Great Zimbabwe. African Studies, 40:131-50.
Parker,Henry, “Stone Circles in the Gambia”,The Journal of the Royal anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland,vol.53,Jan.-June 1923.173-228.

ASIAN

Macdonald A.W. ed. Mandala and Landscape (New Delhi : D.K. Printworld,1997 )


PHILOSOPHY OF SPACE
Altman, Irwin & Setha M. Low, eds., Place Attachment(New York: Plenum Press, 1992)
Bachelard, Gaston, The Poetics of Space, trans. Maria Jolas (Boston: Beacon Press, 1994)
Casey, E., The Fate of Place : A Philosophical History ( Berkeley : University of California Press,1998)
Casey, E., Representing Place: Landscape Painting and Maps ( Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press,2002)
……………….Getting Back into Place: Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Place-World (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993)

Casey, Edward. "How to Get From Space to Place in a Fairly Short Stretch of Time: Phenomenological Prolegomena." In Feld, Steven and Keith H. Basso,ed. Sense of Place (Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1996)
Curry, Michael R. "Discursive Displacement and the Seminal Ambiguity of Space and Place." Lievrouw, Leah & Sonia Livingstone, eds. The Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Consequences of ICT ( London: Sage Publications, 2002) 502-517. http://baja.sscnet.ucla.edu/~curry/Curry_Disc_Disp.pdf
Cross, Jennifer. "What is Sense of Place?" http://www.western.edu/headwaters/archives/headwaters12_papers/cross_paper.html
Heidegger, Martin, Being and Time, tr. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson (New York: Harper and Row, 1962)
Lawrence, Denise L. and Setha M. Low. "The Built Environment and Spatial Form." Annual Review of Anthropology 19 (1990) 453-505
Lefebvre, Henri, The Production of Space, tr. Donald Nicholson-Smith (Oxford:Blackwell, 2001)
Lippard, Lucy. The Lure of the Local: Senses of Place in a Multicentered Society (New York: The New Press, 1997)
Malpas, J. E.,Place and Experience : A Philosophical Topography(Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1999)
http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~janzb/place/
Relph, Edward. Place and Placelessness ( London: Pion, 1976)
Seamon, David. "Phenomenology, Place, Environment, and Architecture: A Review of the Literature" http://www.arch.ksu.edu/seamon/Seamon_reviewEAP.htm
……………… ed. Dwelling, Seeing, and DesigningToward a Phenomenological Ecology (New York: State University of New York Press, 1993)
Mugerauer, Robert and David Seamen eds. Dwelling, Place, Environment: Toward a Phenomenology of Person and World (Dordrecht : Nijhoff,1985)
Wertheim, Margaret, The Pearly Gates of Cyberspace: a History of Space from Dante to the Internet (London: Little, Brown and Company, 1999)
Wegner, Philip,“ Spatial Criticism: Critical Geography, Space, Place and Textuality” in Julian Wolfreys(Ed) Introducing Criticism in the 20th Century(Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP,2002)
ARCHEOLOGY
Amselle, J-L, Metizo Logics: Anthropology of Identity in Africa and Elsewhere ( Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998)
Anda Andah, B.W., “European Encumbrances to the Development of Relevant Theory in African Archaeology” in P.Ucko,ed., Theory in Archaeology: A World Perspective (London: Routledge, 1995 )96-109.
Anda …………… “Studying African Societies in Cultural Context” in P.R. Schmidt and T.C. Patterson, eds. ,Making Alternative Histories (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press,1995) 149-181
Ashmore, Wendy and Bernard Knapp, ed. Archeologies of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives(Oxford:Blackwell,1999)
Conkey, M and Hastorf, C.,eds. The Uses of Style in Archaeology (Cambridge : Cambridge UP,1989)
Hall M. Hall, M,“Archaeology and Modes of Production in Pre-Colonial Southern Africa” Journal of Southern African Studies, 1987,14:1-17.
Hodder,Ian,ed., The Meanings of Things:Material Culture and Symbolic Expression ( London: Unwin Hyman,1989)
………………Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003)
………………ed.The Archaeology of Contextual Meanings (Cambridge : Cambridge U.P,1987)
Hodd……………………. Symbols in Action (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1982)
Hodder, et al,eds., Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaning in the Past (London: Routledge, 1995)
Ingold,Tim, “The Temporality of the Landscape,”World Archeology Vol. 25, No. 2,Conceptions of Time and Ancient Society, Oct. 1993.152-
174.
Knapp, A. Bernard,ed., Archaeology, Annales and Ethnohistory (Cambridge : Cambridge U.P,1992)
Lewis-Williams, David, The Mind in the Cave Consciousness and the Origins of Art London (Thames and Hudson, 2002)
…………………….A Cosmos in Stone: Interpreting Religion and Society through Rock Art (Oxford: Altamira Press,2002 )
Mauss, Marcel, The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies, trans.,Ian Cunnison, with an introduction by E.E. Evans-
Pritchard (London : Cohen & West,1954)
Shanks, Michael and Tilley, Christopher,Re-Constructing Archaeology:Theory and Practice( London:Routledge,1993)
Schmidt P.R.,“ Oral Traditions, Archaeology and History: A Short Reflective History”, in A History of African Archaeology, ed.P.T. Robertshaw
(London: James Currey,1990)
Schmidt P.R. and B.B. Mapunda, “Ideology and the Archaeological Record in Africa: Interpreting Symbolism in Iron Smelting Technology”, Journal
of Anthropological Archaeology,1997.16:128-157.
Smith, Claire and Martin Wobst, Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice (Oxford: Routledge,2005 )
Stahl, Stahl, A. 1993. Concepts of Time and Approaches to Analogical Reasoning in Historical Perspective. Antiquity 58: 235-260.
Tanner, J, 2004. "Archaeology and art", co-authored with Raymond Corbey and Robert Layton, in J. Bintliff ed. A Companion to Archaelogy.
(Oxford, Blackwells)367-79.
Tilley, Christopher, A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and
Monuments (Oxford: Berg, 1994).
Tilley, Christopher, Metaphor and Material Culture (Oxford; Blackwell, 1999)
------------------------A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and
Monuments (Oxford: Berg, 1994).

………………………,Material Culture and Text: The Art of Ambiguity (London: Routledge, 1991)


GEOGRAPHY

Cresswell, Tim, Place:A Short Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004)
Holt-Jensen, Arild, Geography: History and Concepts (Lonson: Sage, 1999)
Hubbard, P., Kitchin, R.M. and Valentine, G., eds., Key Thinkers on Space and Place ( London: Sage, 2004)
Flusty, Steven and J.Michael, ed. The Spaces of Postmodernity: Readings in Human Geography (Oxford: Blackwell,2002 )
Miles, Malcolm,et al.ed. The City Cultures Reader (London : Routledge 2000)
Scott , Nancy, Understanding Maps (Loughborough: 1967 )
Tuan, Yi-Fu, Space and Place:The Perspective of Experience (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,2001)
Westwood, Sallie, and John Williams, Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory (London: Routledge,1997 )


ARCHITECTURE

Corner, James, ed. Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture (Princeton: Princeton Architectural

Press,1999)

Day, Christopher, Places of the Soul: Architecture and Environmental Design as a Healing Art (Burlington: Elsevier,2004)

Kurokawa, Kisho, Intercultural Architecture: The Philosophy of Symbiosis (Washington: American Institute of Architects Press, 1991)

Leach, Neill, Rethinking Architecture: a Reader in Cultural Theory (London: Routledge, 2005)

Lobell, John, Between Silence and Light: Spirit in the Architecture of Louis Kahn ( Boston: Shambhala, 1979)

Masaharu, Takasaki, An Architecture of Cosmology ( New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1998)

Meiss, Pierre von,Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place (London: Van Nostrand Reinhold International,1989)

Pawson, John, Minimum (London: Phaidon, 1996 )
Pears
Pears Pearson, P. M. and C. Richards,eds, Architecture and Order: Approaches to Social Space ( London: Routledge,1994)

Prussin, Labelle, “An Introduction to African Indigenous Architecture”, The Journal for the Society of Architectural

Historians, Vol.33.No.3 Oct.1974.182-205.

…………………African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place and Gender (Washington: Smithsonian, 1995)
Sayers, Dorothy, “Introduction”, The Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Hell
(Harmondsworth :Penguin,1988).

Shields, Rob,Lefebvre, Love and Struggle: Spatial Dialectics (London: Routledge, 1998)

Spear, William, Feng Shui Made Easy: Designing Your Life with the Ancient Art of Placement (London: Thorsons, 1995)

Spiller, Neill, Architects in Cyberspace 2, Architectural Design, Vol. 68, No.11/12, November-December 1998.

………………Reflexive Architecture Architectural Design, Vol. 72, No, 3, May 2002.


CRITICAL AND CULTURAL THEORY AND PRACTICAL CRITICISM

WESTERN
Abrams, M. H., The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition
(London: Oxford UP, 1971)
………………..Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature (New York: Norton, 1973)
…………………… A Glossary of Literary Terms (Florida:Holt, Rhinehart and Winston,1988)

Aristotle, Poetics (New York: Dover Publications,1997)
Benjamin, Walter, The Origin of German Tragic Drama (London: Verso, 1998)
Best, Steven and Kellner, Douglas, Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations ( London : Macmillan,1991)
Bloom, Harold et al, Deconstruction and Criticism (London: Continuum, 2004 )
………………….Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds (London: Fourth Estate, 2002)
…………………..Kabbalah and Criticism(London: Continuum, 2005)
Bowen, John and Petersen, Roger, Critical Comparisons in Politics and Culture (Cambridge : Cambridge UP,1999)
Cahoone, Lawrence,ed., From Modernism to Postmodernism : An Anthology(Cambridge, Mass : Blackwell Publishers,1996)
Cornish, Alison, Reading Dante’s Stars (New Haven: Yale UP,2000)
Culler, Jonathan, On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism ( London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983)
Deleuze,Giles,Felix Guatari, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (London:Continuum,2004)
Derrida, Jacques, Positions(London: Continuum, 1972)
DiYanni, Robert, Critical Perspectives: Approaches to the Analysis and Interpretation of Literature (New York: McGraw Hill,
1995 )
Finnegan, Ruth, Oral Poetry: Its Nature, Significance and Social Context (Cambridge: Cambridge UP,1977)

Harasym, Sarah,ed., Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, The Post-Colonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues(London : Routledge, 1990)

Harvey, David, The Condition of Postmodernity : An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change ( Cambridge, MA : Blackwell,1990)

Harvey, David. "From Space to Place and Back Again: Reflections on the Condition of Postmodernity" in Bird, Jon, Barry Curtis, Tim Putnam,
George Robertson & Lisa Tickner, eds.Mapping the Futures (London: Routledge, 1993) 3-29.

Lodge, David with Nigel Wood, ed. Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader (Essex: Pearson Education, 2000)

…………..20th Century Literary Criticism: A Reader (London: Longman, 1972 )

Miyoshi, Masao and Harootunian, H.D. eds., Postmodernism and Japan (London: Duke University Press, 1989)

Norris, C., Deconstruction: Theory and Practice (London : Routledge,1991)

Wegner, Philip, “Spatial Criticism: Critical Geography, Space, Place and Textuality” in Julian Wolfreys, ed. Introducing Criticism in
the 20th Century(Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP,2002)pp.179-201.

Richter, David, The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends (Boston:Bedford,1989 )
Robey,David, Structuralism: An Introduction (Oxford:Clarendon,1973)
Said, Edward, Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient (London: Penguin, 1995)
Strinati, Dominic, An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture ( London : Routledge,2004)

AFRICAN
Brown, Duncan, ed. Oral Literature and Performance in Southern Africa (Oxford James Currey,1999 )

Haney II, William S., “Soyinka’s Ritual Drama Unity: Postmodernism and the Mistake of the Intellect”, Research in African Literatures,vol.21, No.
4, 1990, 33-54.

Harrow, Kenneth, Faces of Islam in African Literature (London: James Currey, 1991)
………………..Thresholds of Change in African Literature the Emergence of a Tradition (London: James Currey,1994 )
…………………ed. The Marabout and the Muse: New Approaches to Islam in African Literature (London: James Currey, 1996 )
Irele, Abiola, The African Imagination Literature in Africa & the Black Diaspora (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001)
…………..The African Experience in Literature and Ideology (London: Heinemann, 1981)
……………... “The African Scholar “, Transition, No. 51. (1991), pp. 56-69.

Jeyifo, Biodun, “Abiola Irele: The Scholar as Critic”Perspectives on Nigerian Literature vol.1: 1700 to the Present. ed. Yemi Ogunbiyi(
(Lagos: Guardian,1988)
Lindfors, Bernth, ed. Critical Perspectives on Nigerian Literatures (London: Heinemann,1979 )

Mapanje, Jack and Landeg White, Oral Poetry from Africa: an Anthology (Essex: Longman, 1984)

Nigerian Heritage: Journal of the National Commission for Museums and Monuments

Ogunbiyi, Yemi, ed. Drama and Theater in Nigeria: a Critical Source Book (Lagos: Nigeria Magazine,1981)

Okanlawon, Tunde, ed. Comparative Literature and Foreign Languages in Africa Today: Collection of Essays in Honour of Wilfred Feuser (Port
Harcourt: Pam Unique, 1988)

Okphewho,Isidore, “Traditional and Modern Poetry in African Literature Today” in African Literature Today
Osundare, Niyi,“Wole Soyinka and the Atunda Ideal: A Reading of Soyinka’s Poetry” in Wole Soyinka: an Appraisal, ed.Adewale Maja-
Pearce(Oxford : Heinemann, 1994)p.81-97.

Soyinka,Wole, Art ,Dialogue and Outrage: Essays on Literature and Culture ( Ibadan: New Horn Press,1988)
………………Myth, Literature and the African World (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990)
Tidjani-Serpos, “The Postcolonial Condition: The Archeology of African Knowledge: From the Feat of Ogun and Sango to the Postcolonial
Creativity of Obatala” in Research in African Literatures..2-18.


SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEFGE

Young, Michael, Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education (London: CollierMacmillan, 1978)



COGNITIVE SCIENCES

Lakoff ,George and Mark Johnson, Philosophy in the Flesh:The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought(New York: Basic
Books, 1999)

Pyysiainen, IIkka and Veikko Anttonen,ed., Current Approaches in the Cognitive Science of Religion (London: Continuum,2002)


CRITICAL AND CULTURAL THEORY AND SCIENCE
Foucault, Michel, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (London: Routledge, 2003)
Hayles, Katherine,ed., Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1991)
…………………………..How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press,1999).

PSYCHOLOGY

Austin, James, Chase, Chance and Creativity: the Lucky Art of Novelty (Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT Press, 2003)
Conway, Martin, Recovered Memories and False Memories (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997)
Frankl, Viktor, Man’s Search for Meaning (New York:: Insight Books, 1997).
Henke, Suzette, Shattered Subjects: Trauma and Testimony in Women’s Writing (London: Macmillan, 2000).

Jung,Carl Gustave, Memories, Dreams, Reflections ed. Aniela Jaffâe (London : Fontana Paperbacks,1963)
Myers, David, Intuition: its Powers and Perils (New Haven: Yale UP, 2002)
Storr, Anthony,ed., The Essential Jung (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983)
Zollschan,G.K.,et al, Exploring the Paranormal: Perspectives on Belief and Experience (Dorset: Prism, 1989)

AUTOBIOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Armstrong, Karen, The Spiral Staircase: My Climb Out of Darknes (London: Knopf, 2004).
de Leeuw, Ronald, “Introduction” in The Letters of Vincent van Gogh (London: Penguin, 1997) p.xi.
Eakin, Paul, Fictions in Autobiography (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1985)
FR852: Studies in Autobiography 11,European and Comparative Literary Studies, 2002-2003(Kent:University of Kent, 2002).
Ignatius of Loyola, Autobiography in Powers of Imagining: Ignatius of Loyola: A Philosophical Hermeneutic of Imagining through the
Collected Works of Ignatius de Loyola (New York: State University of New York Press, 1986) pp.239-299;

St.Augustine, The Confessions, trans. R.S. Pine-Coffin (London:Penguin,1988)

Nabokov, Vladimir, Speak, Memory : An Autobiography Revisited (Harmondsworth : Penguin,1969)
van Gogh, Vincent, The Complete Letters of Vincent Van Gogh ( Boston: New York Graphic Society,1981).
Wordsworth, William, “Tintern Abbey”in Lyrical Ballads: Wordsworth and Coleridge,ed.,A.R.Brett and A.r.Jones (London:Routlege,1991).
……… Prelude: 1799, 1805, 1850 (New York: W. W. Norton,1978).


HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE


Christianson, Gale, In the Presence of the Creator Isaac Newton and his Times (London: The Free Press, 1984)

Feyerabend, Paul, Against Method (London: Verso,1988)

Gershenfeld, Neil, When Things Start to Think (London: Hodder and Staughton,1999)

Gleick, James, Chaos: Making a New Science (London: Sphere Books,1987)

Kuhn, Thomas, Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970)

Lakoff, George and Rafael Nunez, Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being ( New York:
Basic Books,2000)

Popper, Karl,The Logic of Scientific Discovery (London : Hutchinson,1959)

Richard, Westfall, “Isaac Newton”, Encyclopaedia Britannica,1992.

………………Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton (Cambridge UP, 1983)

Smart, J.J.C. ed. Problems of Space and Time (London: Macmillan, 1973)

Urton, Gary and Nina Llanos, The Social Life of Numbers: a Queacha Ontology of Numbers and Philosophy of Arithmetic (Austin: University of
Texas Press, 1997)

Wilson, Edward, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (London: Little Brown and Company, 1998)

COMPLEXITY THEORY
http://www.psych.lse.ac.uk/complexity/
http://complexsystems.lri.fr/ECSS/tiki-index.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory

SPACE SYNTAX
http://www.spacesyntax.org/
http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/

VIRTUAL REALITY

UBUIQUITOUS COMPUTING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing
http://sandbox.xerox.com/ubicomp/
http://www.ubiq.com/weiser/
http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/acmfuture2endnote.htm

ASTRO-ARCHEOLOGY


AESTHETICS

Adams, Laurie Schneider, The Methodologies of Art (Oxford : Westview Press, 1996)
Adams, Laurie Schneider. Art and Psychoanalysis (New York : IconEditions, 1994)
Arnheim, Rudolf,Art and Visual Perception: Psychology of the Creative Eye ( London : Faber, 1967)
.............................The Dynamics of Architectural Form ( Berkeley : University of California Press, 1977)
………………………… New Essays in the Psychology of Art (University of California Press,1986)
Arnold & Iversen, eds., Art and Thought (London: Luzac, 1947)
Benjamin, Walter, Illuminations, ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. by Harry Zohn (London: Fontana, 1973)
Bryson, Norman and Mieke Bal, "Semiotics and Art History", The Art Bulletin 73, no. 2, 1991, pp. 174-208
Cheetham, Mark A., Holly, Michael Ann and Moxey, Keith,eds., The Subjects of Art History (Cambridge UP, 1998)
Collins, Bradford R. ed., 12 Views of Manet’s Bar (Princeton: Princeton U.P, 1996)Ehrezenweig,Anton, The Hidden Order of Art (London: Phoenix Press, 2000).
Elkins, James, On Pictures and the Words That Fail Them (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998)
Classen, C., Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and across Cultures (London: Routledge, 1993)
Doy, Gen, Materializing Art History (Oxford: Berg, 1998)
Elkins, Stories of Art (New York : Routledge,2002)
Emerling, Jae, 2005. Theory for Art History (London : Routledge,2005)
Freedberg, David, The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response (Chicago : University of Chicago Press,1989)
Gadamer,Hans-Georg, Truth and Method (London:Continuum,2004)
Gandelman, Claude, Reading Pictures, Viewing Texts (Bloomington : Indiana UP,1990)
Gell, Alfred, Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory (Oxford : Clarendon Press,1998)
Gombrich, E.H., Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation (London: Phaidon, 1977)
Gombrich, E. H Oxford : Phaidon (1978)
Goodman, Nelson, Languages of Art : An Approach to a Theory of Symbols (Brighton : Harvester Press,1981)
…………………Ways of Worldmaking (Hassocks : Harvester Press (1978)
…………………Haagen, Margaret, Varieties of Realism: Geometries of Representational Art (Cambridge : Cambridge UP, 1986)
Harris, Jonathan, The New Art History: A Critical Introduction ( London : Routledge,2001)
Hart, Joan, “Erwin Panofsky and Karl Mannheim: A Dialogue on Interpretation”, in Critical Inquiry, no 19, 1993, pp. 534-566
Holly, Michael Ann, 1984. Panofsky and the Foundations of Art History (Ithaca, N.Y : Cornell UP,1984)
Isaacs, New Feminist Art Criticism
Kindersley, Lida Lopes Cardozo, Martin Gayford, David Kindersley, Apprenticeship: The Necessity of Learning by Doing (Cambridge:
Cardozo Kindersley,2003)
King, Catherine. Views of Difference:Different Views of Art (Yale U P, 1999)
..........................Lang, B.,ed.,The Concept of Style (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell U.P., 1987)
Koerner, Joseph Leo, 1997, “The Abject of Art History”, in Res, Vol. 31, Spring 1997
Kuspit, Donald. 1993. Signs of Psyche in Modern and Postmodern Art ( Cambridge : Cambridge UP,1993)
Lechte, John, Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers: From Structuralism to Postmodernity (London : Routledge,1994)
McNiff, Shaun, Creating with Others: The Practice and Necessity of Imagination in Life, Art and the Workplace (London: Shambhala, 2003)
Mitchell, W.J.T., 1986. Iconology: Image, Text, Ideology (Chicago : University of Chicago UP,1986)
Nochlin, Linda, 1988. Women, Art, and Power and Other Essays (London: Thames and Hudson, 1989)
The Miniature Wall-Paintings of Thera: a Study in Agean Culture and Iconography
Kearney, Richard, On Stories (London: Routledge,2002 )
Kant, Immanuel,Critique of Judgement,trans.James Creed Meredith (Oxford :
Clarendon Press, 1978).
…………………Critique of Practical Reason trans. by H. W. Cassirer , ed. G. Heath King and Ronald Weitzman (Milwaukee, WI : Marquette UP,1998)
Nelson, Robert S., “The Map of Art History”, The Art Bulletin, March 1997, vol LXXIX, number 1, pp. 28-40
Panofsky, Erwin. Studies in Iconology : Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance (New York : Harper & Row,1962)
Podro, Michael, The Critical Historians of Art (New Haven : Yale UP,m1982)
Preziosi, Donald (ed.). 1998. The Art of Art History. A Critical Anthology. Oxford University Press
Rader, Melvin, A Modern Book of Aesthetics An Anthology (New York: Holt,Rhinehart and Winston,1979)
Sontag, Susan,Against Interpretation and Other Essays ( London : Eyre & Spottiswood,1967)
Spiro, Audrey, The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
Tanner, J,The body, expressive culture and social interaction: integrating art history and action theory, in H Staubmann & H Wenzel (eds), Talcott Parsons: zur Aktualitaet eines Theorienprogramms. Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fur Soziologie, Sonderband 6, 285-323
Tanner, J, “Shifting Paradigms in Classical Art History”, Review article in Antiquity, 68(260), 650-5
Tanner, J, “Art as Expressive Symbolism” (with comments by C Renfrew, I Hodder and A Schnapp), Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2(2), 167-90
Wade, David, Dynamic Form in Nature ( New York: Walker and Company, 2003)
Wittkower, R.,”Allegory and the Migration of Symbols”., in Principles of Art History : The Problem of the Development of Style in Later Art ed Heinrich Wöllflin. (New York:Dover Publications, 1950)


ART CRITICISM

WESTERN ART

GENERAL
Vigue, Jordi, Great Masters of Western Art (New York: Watson-Guptill, 2002)
Burckhardt, Titus, The Foundations of Christian Art World (Bloomington: Wisdom Books, 2006)


SPECIFIC

The World of Rembrandt

Time-Life Library of Art The World of van Gogh

Biro, Matthew, Anselm Kiefer and the Philosophy of Martin Heidegger (Cambridge : Cambridge U P,1998)
Bal, Mieke, Reading Rembrandt : Beyond the Word Image Opposition (Cambridge : Cambridge U.P,1994)
Schapiro, Meyer,Vincent Van Gogh (London: Idehurst Press,1951).
Tanner, J,“Nature, Culture and the Body in Classical Greek Religious Art” , World Archaeology 2001,vol.33: 257-76.
Tanner, J,. Social structure, cultural rationalisation and aesthetic judgement in classical Greece, in N K Rutter & B Sparkes eds., Word and Image in Ancient Greece (Edinburgh : Edinburgh UP,2000)183-205.
Walter, Ingo, Van Gogh (Hohenzollernring: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 2000).
Whiltely, Linda, Van Gogh: Life and Works (London: Cassell, 2000).

AFRICAN

Ben-Amos, Paula, 1989, “African Visual Arts from a Social Perspective”, African Studies Review, Vol. 32, No 2, Sept. 1989

Blier, Suzanne Preston, 1987, “African Art Studies at the Crossroads: an American Perspective”, in African Art Studies: The State of the Discipline, (Washington:National Museum of African Art, 1987)

Mudimbe, V.Y., 1986, “African Art as a Question Mark”, in African Studies Review, Vol.29, No1, March 1986
Tanner, J, 2003. 'Finding the Egyptian in early Greek art', in Roger Mathews and Cornelia Roemer eds. Ancient Perspectives on Egypt (London: UCL Press, 2003 )115-143.
Oguibe, Olu, in “El Anatsui: Beyond Death and Nothingness” in African Arts; Winter1998, Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp.48-56.



ASIAN ART


Roger T. Ames with Thomas P. Kasulis and Wimal Dissanayake, eds., Self as Image in Asian Theory and Practice (Albany, N.Y : State University of New York Press,1998)

Coomaraswamy, Ananda K., Dance of the Shiva: Essays on Indian Art and Culture (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers,1999)

…………………………………The Transformation of Nature in Art (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers,1994)

Benjamin, Walter, 1999, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”, in Illuminations,ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. Harry Zohn (London : Cape,1992)

Burckhardt, Titus, Sacred Art East and West: Its Principles and Its Methods (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2002)

Gray, Christine E., "Buddhism as a Language of Images, Transtextuality as a Language of Power", in Word & Image, Vol. 11, No. 3, July-September 1995, pp. 225-236

Pinney, Christopher. “The Iconology of Hindu Oleographs: Linear and Mythic Narrative in Popular Indian Art”, Res, vol. 22, Autumn, 1992, pp. 33-61

Silbergeld, Jerome, ‘Chinese Painting Studies in the West: A State of the Field Article’, Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 46, no. 4, 1987, pp. 849-97

Wen C. Fong, "Why Chinese Painting is History", The Art Bulleting, June 2003, volume LXXXV, number 2, pp. 258-278


MIDDLE EASTERN ART
Blair, Sheila S. and Jonathan Bloom, "The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field", The Art Bulletin, March 2003, volume LXXXV, number 1, pp. 152-184
Burckhardt, Titus, Arts of Islam: Language and Meaning (London : World of Islam Festival Publishing Co. Ltd, 1976)
Burckhardt, Titus, Mirror of the Intellect: Essays on Traditional Science and Sacred Art(New York: State University of New York Press,1987)
Gonzalez, Valerie, Beauty and Islam: Aesthetics in Islamic Art and Architecture (London : I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, 2001)
Wu Hung, The Double Screen: Medium and Representation in Chinese Painting (London : Reaktion Books, 1996)

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Happold, F.C.,Religious Faith and Twentieth Century Man (Harmondsworth: Penguin,1966)
Otto, Rudolph, The Idea of the Holy: An Inquiry into the Non-Rational Factor in the Idea of the Divine and its Relation to the
Rational, tr. John Harvey (London: Oxford UP,1958)
Pals, Daniel L. Seven Theories of Religion (New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1996)
Rennie, Bryan S., Reconstructing Eliade (Albany : State University of New York Press, 1996)
Smith, Huston, The Religions of Man (New York: Harper and Row, 1989)


HISTORY

Burke, Peter, French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89
Farooqui, Jamil, “Durkheim’s Concept of Man and Society: An Analysis”, in Encounters, vol 4, no 2, 1998, pp. 181-204
Hughes-Warrington, Marnie, Fifty Key Thinkers on History (London : Routledge,2000)
KI- ZERBO, J.,UNESCO General History of Africa Vol 1: Methodology and African Prehistory (London: Heinemann,1981)
Stanford, Michael. A Companion to the study of History (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994)

MATHEMATICS
Mimjica, Jadran, Intimations of Infinity: The Mythopoeia meaning of the Iqwaye Counting and Number System (Oxford: Berg, 1992)


PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
Hirst, Paul, Knowledge and the Curriculum: A Collection of Philosophical Papers (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974)


SOCIOLOGY/ANTHROPOLOGY
Archetti, Eduardo ed., Exploring the Written: Anthropology and the Multiplicity of Writing (Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1994)
Barnard, Andy and Terry Burgess,Sociology Explained (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996)
Barnard, Alan, History and Theory in Anthropology( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2000)
Barrett, S. Anthropology: A Student’s Guide to Theory and Method ( Toronto: University of Toronto Press,1996)
Bauman, Z. ‘The Structuralist Promise,’ British Journal of Sociology, vol. 24, 1973, pp. 67-83.
Burgin, Victor, In/different Spaces: Place and Memory in Visual Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996)
Bloch,Maurice, How We Think They Think : Anthropological Approaches to Cognition, Memory, and Literacy (Oxford : Westview Press, 1998)
Clifford, James and George E. Marcus,ed, Writing Culture : The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1986)
Coffey,Amanda, The Ethnographic Self : Fieldwork and the Representation of Identity (London : Sage, 1999)
Finnegan,Ruth, Oral Traditions and the Verbal Arts : a Guide to Research Practices (New York : Routledge, 1992)
Frazer, Sir James, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions,1993)
Fuery,Patrick, Kelli Wagner.,Visual Cultures and Critical Theory ( London : Arnold, 2003 )
Gennep, Van,The Rites of Passage (Chicago : University of Chicago Press,1960)
Gosden, Chris, Anthropology and Archaeology: a Changing Relationship (London: Routledge, 1999)
Gosden, Christopher. Social Being and Time( Oxford : Blackwell,1994)
Grimshaw,Anna, The Ethnographer's Eye : Ways of Seeing in Anthropology ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2001 )
Hodder, Ian,ed, The Spatial Organisation of Culture ( London : Duckworth, 1978 )
Horto Horton, M.,1994. Swahili Architecture, Space and Social Structure. in M. Parker Pearson and C. Richards (eds) Architecture and Order: 147-169 (London: Routledge)
Jackson, Michael (ed.). Things as they are. New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology (Indiana University Press, 1996)
James, Allison,Jenny Hockey and Andrew Dawson,ed., After Writing Culture : Epistemology and Praxis in Contemporary Anthropology ( London :
Routledge, 1997)
Fiske, John. 1982. Introduction to Communication Studies(London : Methuen,1982)
Heald, S. and Deluz, A. (eds.), 1994. Anthropology and Psychoanalysis: An Encounter Through Culture (London: Routledge, 1994)
Koerner, Joseph Leo, 1997, “The Abject of Art History”, in Res, Vol. 31, Spring 1997
Kulick, Don and Margaret Willson. Reed-Danahay, Deborah E.ed., Auto/ethnography : Rewriting the Self and the Social( Oxford : Berg, 1997. )
Kuspit, Donald. 1993. Signs of Psyche in Modern and Postmodern Art (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,1993)
Kuznar, Lawrence A. Reclaiming a Scientific Anthropology (AltaMira Press, 1993)
Layton, R. The Anthropology of Art (Cambridge : Cambridge UP, 1991)
Leach, Edmund. Culture and Communication (Cambridge : Cambridge UP, 1976)
Levi-Strauss, C. Structural Anthropology (New York : Basic Books,1963)
Morphy, Howard. Ancestral Connections (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991)
Plog, S. 1983. “Analysis of Style in Artefacts”, in Annual Review of Anthropology, vol 12, 1983, pp. 125-42
Rogoff,Irit, Terra Infirma : Geography's Visual Culture (London : Routledge, 2000)
Schumaker,Lynn, Africanizing Anthropology : Fieldwork, Networks, and the Making of Cultural Knowledge in Central Africa( Durham : Duke University Press,2001)
Tanner, J, ed. 2003. The Sociology of Art: a Reader. Routledge.Tanner, J. “Collecting, Museums and the Politics of Knowledge in Late Modern Society”, Review article in The Cambridge Review, 115(2324)(London : Routledge,2003) 83-87
Ranger T., “The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa” in The Invention of Tradition ed. E.J. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger (Cambridge: UP,1983)
Turner, Bryan S.ed., The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory (London: Duke University Press, 2001)
Ouzman, S. Spiritual and Political Uses of a Rock Engraving Site and its Imagery by San and Tswana Speakers. South African Archaeological Bulletin 1995,50: 55-67.
………… “Towards a Mindscape of Landscape: Rock Art as Expression of World Understanding” in The Archaeology of Rock Art ed. C. Chippendale and P.S.C. Tacon (Cambridge: UP, 1998) 30-41.



GENERAL LITERARY WORKS AND FILMS RELEVANT, AMONG OTHER THINGS, FOR THE QUESTIONS THEY RAISE WHICH HAVE SOME RELEVANCE TO MY PROJECT
Calvino, Italo. Invisible Cities (London: Pan, 1974).
Joyce, James, Ulysses (New York: Vintage, 1990).
The Matrix, Directed by Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski, Written by Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski, Produced by Joel Silver Distributed by Warner Brothers,1999.
Matrix Reloaded, Written by Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski Written by Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski, Produced by Joel Silver and Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski Distributed by Warner Brothers ,and Village Roadshow Pictures,2003.
Matrix Revolutions, Written by Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski Written by Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski, Produced by Joel Silver and Andy Wachwoski and Larry Wachowski Distributed by Warner Brothers ,and Village Roadshow Pictures,2003.
Rimbaud, Arthur, Complete Works (New York: Perennial,2000).
Saro-Wiwa, Ken, “On the Death of Ken Saro-Wiwa”, Leopard IV: Bearing Witness (London: The Harvill Press,1999)261-269.
Senanu K.E,Theo Vincent ed. A Selection of African Poetry (Essex: Longman, 1976)
Soyinka, Wole, The Man Died: Prison Notes of Wole Soyinka(London: Rex Collins,1976)
………………Six Plays (London: Methuen, 1984)
……………….A Shuttle in the Crypt (London Methuen, 1972)
Le Guin, Ursula, The Earthsea Quartet(London: Penguin,1993)

LINGUISTICS
Chomsky,Noam, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (Massachusetts: The M.I.T. Press,
1965).

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

This project explores the philosophical question of the ground of being in terms of the ontological characteristics that enable individuals, interpretive communities and landscapes to demonstrate mutually constitutive interactions.
This topic is significant because it explores the question of the ground of being, one of the central questions in metaphysics, in terms of a perspective from which the question has rarely been explored. It does this not in terms of phenomena understood as discrete units, or purely in terms of process, but through the mutual constitution that emerges through dialogue between phenomena.
The question of the ground of being is explored in philosophical traditions in terms of three major approaches: the static, the dynamic and the correlation of both the static and the dynamic.
The static approach examines phenomena and their unifying ground in terms of a static, superordinate mode of being that unifies all phenomena as in Platos The Republic. The dynamic perspective examines the question in terms of the ground of being as constituted by a process of becoming as in Whitehead's process philosophy and correlation of the static and the dynamic emerges in Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching .
This researcher has developed a preliminary exploration of related questions which can be seen at http://www.urbanatmospheres.net/Ubicomp2005/Papers/Metapolis%20UbiComp%20Workshop%20Proceedings%202005.pdf

My research question is centered on an inquiry into the possibility of arriving at the ground of being through an exploration of interactions, understood at an incline of metaphorical and literal interpretation, between humans, interpretive communities and landscapes.
The methodology employed in this project consists of three interrelated forms of enquiry. I adapt a cognitive system of Ifa that has its origins among the Yoruba of Southern Nigeria, which operates in terms of an implicit understanding of ontological correlation between various phenomena .We explore this system in order to develop ideas that could provide clues to ontological relations between phenomena suggestive of an ontological ground that unites them.
The second research method consists developing an experiential relationship with the spaces under study in order to cultivate a sensitivity to the peculiarities of topography and atmosphere that have inspired the artists whose responses we study. This enables a sensately informed but critical and theoretically enriched response to the artists' mediations .
The third research strategy we employ is that of dramatizing the form through which the essay's overarching purpose is pursued by developing the project in terms of a dialogue between the researcher, the ideas they explore, the text through which this exploration is dramatized, and visual depictions of the act of navigating these landscapes. This enables the audience to participate vicariouslyin the act of spatial navigation, both physical and mental, that inspired the artists' responses to the landscapes in question.
This research project contributes to knowledge about the questions it explores and the disciplines through which it does this in terms that could be understood as operating within centripetal and centrifugal relationships to those disciplines. In terms of centripetal relationships, this study contributes to knowledge about the questions it explores in ways that expand our understanding of particular disciplines. In relation to centrifugal relationships, it can be understood to expand our understanding of relationships between disciplines.

ABSTRACT

This dissertation is an exploration of the ground of being through a study of dialogue between various modes of being and forms of knowledge.
The modes of being are represented by landscapes, individuals who interpret the philosophical and imagistic significance of these landscapes and the interpretative communities in relation to which these individuals are responding. The individuals and the landscapes they interpret are represented by the Oshun Forest in Nigeria and Susanne Wenger and her collaborators who work on and in relation to the landscape. They are also constituted by the Glastonbury landscape in its reconception by Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine.
The forms of knowledge consist primarily in the imaginative interpretation of spatial forms. The central demonstration of this is in the sculptural, architectural and ideational reconstruction of the Oshun Forest in Nigeria and the cartographic and ideational reinterpretation of the Glastonbury landscape by Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine.
The forms of knowledge are also represented by our adaptation of divinatory epistemology as exemplified primarily by the Ifa system of divination, in conjunction with insights derived from other divinatory forms such as the Chinese I Ching and Western astrology. We also adapt conceptions of forms of mind developed within Hermeticism and Western neo-Paganism, particularly as these are developed in the work of the Hermetic theorist Dion Fortune. We argue that the epistemic forms realized by the divinatory, Hermetic and neo-Pagan perspectives embody metaphysical ideas and epistemological processes that are central to an exploration of our subject matter. The ideas and modes of expression they actualize are transposed into the idiom embodied by the dominant epistemic frameworks of modern Western discourse. This transposition is also effected in relation to the effort to dramatise those aspects of their conceptions that can not be embodied in terms of modern Western discourse but which could represent possibilities of expansion of the metaphysical and epistemic fields currently central to the Western episteme.
This process of transposing the ideas of what constitutes marginalised discourses in relation to the Western episteme is facilitated through a dialogue between the marginalised and dominant discourses. This dialogue between discursive forms is developed in terms of an effort to examine the central questions of the existence and nature of the ground of being as mediated through dialogue between modes of being. The central dominant discursive forms explored, complementing philosophical explorations of space, are philosophy and the visual and verbal arts.
The study of these artistic and theoretical constructions proceeds in relation to the exploration of questions of relationships between modes of being. These explorations are conducted in terms of a dialogue between various forms of knowledge. We adapt here the understanding of “forms of knowledge” as primary structuring forms developed by the human mind in its effort to interpret existence, as developed by Paul Hirst.
Our focus in adapting this conception is to examine critically, in relation to our exploration of cognitive interfaces, the interface between the genealogy of the notion of the structuring of existence in terms of metaphysical or epistemological matrices from its origin in Plato's Forms as structuring archetypes of being, to Hirst's conception of structuring forms of human knowledge. We examine the distinctions and relationships between the Platonic concept which depicts the Forms as predating and transcendent of the human mind and Hirst's notion of the Forms he discusses as constructions of the mind which embody distinct but interrelated epistemic procedures.
This analysis is correlative with our exploration of relationships between cognitive agents-the knowing subject; cognitive forms-that which is known, the object of knowledge; cognitive processes-the procedures through which knowledge is gained; and cognitive instruments,-the tools, whether material or non-material, ideational, for example, which act as facilitators and catalysts and in the process of gaining understanding.
The relationships between the various conceptual frames at play in the dissertation are dramatised by the following diagram:

This diagram suggests the constitution of the various disciplinary frames in relation to the question of the ground of being. This ground is constituted/ cognized through the integration between the various disciplines. This suggests the effort to explore the central research question through a mediatory, dialogical relationship between the various disciplinary frames.
The notion of the ground of being as cognized and or constituted through the interplay between various disciplines do not have the same meaning. The notion of constitution implies that this metaphysical ground is a creation of the interpretive processes of the researcher as they examine the questions and issues that they explore. The ground of being is therefore understood as a creation of the mind as realized in the researchers’ critical and imaginative processes. It therefore exits purely as a mental construction and has no reality apart from the particular epistemological frame through which it is realised by the researcher’s investigations. This conception is perhaps similar to certain strands in Western thought, as represented perhaps by Kant’s notion of the manner in which the mind structures its cognition of phenomenal forms and to Feyarabend’s exploration of intellectual strategies in Against Method. The Kantian examples, certainly, and possibly, that of Feyarabend, are more complex than this brief note suggests, but this note is meant to indicate lines of enquiry we shall pursue in detail in the body of the dissertation. The notion of the ground of being as cognized through the dialogue between disciplines, on the other hand, implies the idea that the ground of being exists independently of the mind and is grasped through the critical and imaginative activity of the exploring mind. It is possible, of course, to correlate these two conceptions of the relationship between the mind and the ground of being, as seems to be done in Zen Buddhism and in Tibetan Buddhism, perhaps inspired by the non-dual philosophy of Nagarjuna. That possibility, along with that represented by the binary oppositions described in the body of this note, will be explored in the course of our investigations.
The question of constitution of phenomena as opposed to or in unity with that of the cognition of phenomena is central to this dissertation in terms of our central investigative strategy. This consist in the exploration of the question of the degree to which the artists cognise or constitute through their imaginative and interpretive activity the phenomena they explore. This examination of the cognitive activity of the artists leads us into our exploration of the relationship of such questions to human relationship to the universe, as this is realized in terms of the question of the existence and nature of a ground of being. May such a ground be realized in terms of perceptual relationships between phenomena? Even if such relationships are one sided as as currently constituted in the dominant forms represented by mainstream Western discourse? May this relationship be understood metaphorically in terms of the indirect influence of the various modes of being extant on earth in shaping human conceptions of the possibilities of existence in terms of the biological, geological and psychological characteristics that constitute existence, either on earth or even in the cosmos as is evident from the range heretofore achieved in human investigations of the cosmos? Or in relation to non-Western cultures, could we understand nonhuman and non-animal forms as constitutive of the human perception in terms of their own participation in forms of mind? Data from a range of accounts of encounters in relationships of sacred spaces suggest that the human experience of sacred space transgresses conventional understandings of the non-agency of landscape forms and suggests the need to conceive of such spaces less more in terms of a non-metaphorical and literal interpretation of Ivahkifi’s characterisation of what he describes as the nonhuman life of these landscapes which manifests itself in a pageant of place names and myths. Ivhakif’s conception could be understood in metaphorical terms, in which the landscapes would be understood as possessing agency in the sense of operating as forms that impinge upon human consciousness in ways that facilitate particular responses from the human self, and this mode of impinging grasped as primarily material and at best atmospheric, as in Hardy’s powerful description of Egdon Heath at the opening of the Return of the Native. This mode of impinging could also be understood as manifesting a character reminiscent of the extension of notions of atmospheric influence, of topographic influence into conceptions of active agency, or even of certain numinous qualities which are difficult to categorise but which some respondents have been compelled to characterise in terms of personification of these spaces.
How do we develop methods of thinking through the range of ideas that move from the metaphorical to the literal conception of agency in relation to landscape? We propose here to adapt an approach that is inspired by the systems that could enable us navigate this range of interpretations. These systems are represented primarily by the divinatory epistemology of Ifa and the conception of forms of mind developed by Fortune in relation to Hermetic and neo Pagan thought.

ABSTRACT

This dissertation is an exploration of the ground of being through a study of dialogue between various modes of being and forms of knowledge.
The modes of being are represented by landscapes, individuals who interpret the philosophical and imagistic significance of these landscapes and the interpretative communities in relation to which these individuals are responding. The individuals and the landscapes they interpret are represented by the Oshun Forest in Nigeria and Susanne Wenger and her collaborators who work on and in relation to the landscape. They are also constituted by the Glastonbury landscape in its reconception by Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine.
The forms of knowledge consist primarily in the imaginative interpretation of spatial forms. The central demonstration of this is in the sculptural, architectural and ideational reconstruction of the Oshun Forest in Nigeria and the cartographic and ideational reinterpretation of the Glastonbury landscape by Katherine Maltwood and Mary Caine.
The forms of knowledge are also represented by our adaptation of divinatory epistemology as exemplified primarily by the Ifa system of divination, in conjunction with insights derived from other divinatory forms such as the Chinese I Ching and Western astrology. We also adapt conceptions of forms of mind developed within Hermeticism and Western neo-Paganism, particularly as these are developed in the work of the Hermetic theorist Dion Fortune. We argue that the epistemic forms realized by the divinatory, Hermetic and neo-Pagan perspectives embody metaphysical ideas and epistemological processes that are central to an exploration of our subject matter. The ideas and modes of expression they actualize are transposed into the idiom embodied by the dominant epistemic frameworks of modern Western discourse. This transposition is also effected in relation to the effort to dramatise those aspects of their conceptions that can not be embodied in terms of modern Western discourse but which could represent possibilities of expansion of the metaphysical and epistemic fields currently central to the Western episteme.
This process of transposing the ideas of what constitutes marginalised discourses in relation to the Western episteme is facilitated through a dialogue between the marginalised and dominant discourses. This dialogue between discursive forms is developed in terms of an effort to examine the central questions of the existence and nature of the ground of being as mediated through dialogue between modes of being. The central dominant discursive forms explored, complementing philosophical explorations of space, are philosophy and the visual and verbal arts.
The study of these artistic and theoretical constructions proceeds in relation to the exploration of questions of relationships between modes of being. These explorations are conducted in terms of a dialogue between various forms of knowledge. We adapt here the understanding of “forms of knowledge” as primary structuring forms developed by the human mind in its effort to interpret existence, as developed by Paul Hirst.
Our focus in adapting this conception is to examine critically, in relation to our exploration of cognitive interfaces, the interface between the genealogy of the notion of the structuring of existence in terms of metaphysical or epistemological matrices from its origin in Plato's Forms as structuring archetypes of being, to Hirst's conception of structuring forms of human knowledge. We examine the distinctions and relationships between the Platonic concept which depicts the Forms as predating and transcendent of the human mind and Hirst's notion of the Forms he discusses as constructions of the mind which embody distinct but interrelated epistemic procedures.
This analysis is correlative with our exploration of relationships between cognitive agents-the knowing subject; cognitive forms-that which is known, the object of knowledge; cognitive processes-the procedures through which knowledge is gained; and cognitive instruments,-the tools, whether material or non-material, ideational, for example, which act as facilitators and catalysts and in the process of gaining understanding.
The relationships between the various conceptual frames at play in the dissertation are dramatised by the following diagram:

This diagram suggests the constitution of the various disciplinary frames in relation to the question of the ground of being. This ground is constituted/ cognized through the integration between the various disciplines. This suggests the effort to explore the central research question through a mediatory, dialogical relationship between the various disciplinary frames.

COGNITIVE INTERFACES, IFA HERMENEUTICS AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF LANDSCAPE IN THE WORK OF SUSANNE WENGER ANDKATHERINE MALTWOOD

COMPREHENSIVE WORKING OUTLINE

Chapter 1:
A. Statement of Purpose

B. Justification of Purpose

Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework and Methodology

A. Exposition of Theoretical Framework

a. The Hermeneutic Process in Ifa Divination

b. Communities as Mental Entities/Mental Units in Relation to Interpretive Communities and their Members

c. Creative Dynamics in the Artistic Processes of Wenger and Maltwood

B. Exposition and Justification of Methodology

a. Quaternary Correlation between

b. The Individualunderstood as

b.1.The Temporal Conscious self

b.2.The Atemporal Unconscious Self

c. The Individual's Interpretive Community

d. The Phenomena Engaged with by the Individual in the Context of their Interpretive Community

e. The Expression of the Confluence Between Individual Predisposition,Social Influences and Landscape Forms in the Creation of and Symbolic Resonance Realised through Works of Art

Chapter 3:Wenger and the Oshun Forest

A. The Orisanla Shrine

a. The Orisanla Sculpture

b. The Pot at the Orisanla Shrine

c. The Orisanla Shrine House

B. The Iya Mopo Space:the Holy Potter’s Field

a. The Chameleon Gate

b. Iya Mopo

c. Ela

d. Alajere

IFA HERMENEUTICS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF LANDSCAPE IN THE THE ARTISTIC WORK OF SUSANNE WENGER AND KATHERINE MALTWOOD

Basic Working Outline

Chapter 1:

A. Dialogue between Modes of Being and Forms of Knowledge

B. Epistemo-Biographical Orientations and Lacunae in Wenger and Maltwood Scholarship

Chapter 2:

Ifa Hermeneutics as Transformative Spiral Mediating Between Ontological and Discursive Forms

Chapter 3:

The Oshun Forest as Site of Ideational and Material Transformation by Atelier Wenger

Chapter 4:

Katherine Maltwood's and Mary Caine's Cartographic and Ideational Reconstruction of the Glastonbury Landscape

Chapter 5:

Cognitive Agents and Cognitive Forms: Paradoxical Convergences

Dear PhD consultants,

Good afternoon.
I hope the week has been fruitful and the weekend is going well.

I would like to introduce you to the latest stage in my experimentation with the idea of your having online access to my work via a site that is open to only the three of us.
It’s a blog which I am developing as a means of making my work more readily accessible for your viewing and responses. The privacy of the project is protected by the blog function that allows only those I choose to access it.

Even though I am enthusiastic about the medium, its use would depend on whether or not you are comfortable with it. The blog has a function that will allow only those I choose to access it.

Its use would allow you rapid access to my work as I develop it. It will enable you see the latest stage of the work at any point in time. It will provide an overview of the development of the project at any stage, thereby facilitating an orientation to the various sub-units of the research project and of the manner in which they are interrelated.

This mode of presentation would go with the unspoken understanding that the project is still in progress and therefore under supervision by you. The use of this medium would not imply that I regard the work presented in this form as definitive. That would defeat the rationale of supervision by senior scholars. Along those lines, your comments on the posts are eagerly sought. These comments could be sent via the comments option at the bottom of the postings. You will be able to see the posting you want to comment upon on the left hand side of the comments page as you make your comments. That implies that you will be able to stay on the same page as you make your comments without having to switch from the comments page to the text you are commenting on. You will also be able to preview your comments before you post them and read them after posting.
If you wish to use the facilities in Word as means of critiquing the texts, then you could save the posting by me to Word, make comments on the Word text, and send the response to me by email or post it onto the comments option at the bottom of the post(I am not sure, though, if the latter will allow the migration of all the editing functions in Word).

This mode of communication will enable us to have on the same site, the postings by me, your comments on the text posted as well as my response to those comments and the reflections of that exchange in the relevant sections of the dissertation.

The blog presents posts by placing the first post at the bottom and the others on top of that till we get to the latest. So the first posting you see will be the last that was placed online while the last one, at the bottom, will be the first posted. All the postings will indicate the date and time of posting. It seems, however, that the timer used is not set to the time in England.

I would be pleased if you let me have any comments or suggestions on this initiative.

Thank you.
Toyin